The Role of an Occupational Therapist (OT) in Early Intervention of Childhood Disabilities
Written by Mr. Aquib Borah (MOT)
Occupational Therapist, PMR Centre
Early childhood is a crucial period for growth and learning. During the preschool and kindergarten years, children develop essential motor, cognitive, social, and emotional skills that form the foundation for future academic success. Teachers often spend several hours each day observing children in structured and unstructured settings, placing them in a unique position to notice early signs of developmental differences.
Occupational Therapy plays an important role in guiding this process.
An Occupational Therapist (OT) focuses on how a child functions in everyday activities, particularly within the classroom environment. Rather than diagnosing conditions, the OT assesses how developmental challenges affect participation in daily school tasks. This includes observing how a child sits during circle time, handles crayons and scissors, follows instructions, transitions between activities, interacts with peers, and regulates emotions.
Developmental delays may affect areas such as fine motor coordination, balance, sensory processing, attention, or self-regulation. Some children may struggle to hold writing tools, avoid playground activities, become easily overwhelmed by noise, or find it difficult to sit and focus during group tasks. These signs are not indicators of laziness or poor behavior. Instead, they may reflect underlying developmental differences that benefit from early support.
Early identification is critical. Research consistently shows that timely intervention improves long-term outcomes in learning, behavior, and independence. Addressing concerns early reduces academic gaps, enhances classroom participation, and supports overall confidence. Importantly, early support is not about labeling a child—it is about providing the right tools at the right time.
Through school outreach programs, Occupational Therapists collaborate with educators to increase awareness of developmental milestones and early warning signs. Teachers are not expected to diagnose conditions. Their role is to observe patterns, document concerns, implement supportive strategies, and communicate effectively with parents when necessary.
Occupational Therapists provide practical, realistic strategies that can be implemented even in large classrooms.
These may include:
- Using visual schedules and picture cues
- Breaking instructions into simple steps
- Incorporating movement into lessons
- Maintaining predictable routines
- Encouraging peer-supported learning.
Such inclusive practices benefit all students, not only those with identified delays.
When concerns persist, OTs guide appropriate referrals and work collaboratively with psychologists, speech therapists, pediatricians, and families to ensure comprehensive care. This multidisciplinary approach addresses the child’s physical, cognitive, emotional, and social needs holistically.
Every child develops at their own pace, but persistent delays or significant differences deserve attention. A child who struggles in the classroom is not “difficult” or “slow”—they may simply require additional support to thrive.
By promoting awareness, early identification, and inclusive teaching practices, Occupational Therapy helps schools create environments where every child has the opportunity to participate, learn, and succeed. Early support can change a child’s trajectory—and educators are often the first step in making that difference.